Click here to see a useful animation on signal amplification. It explains how signal transduction pathways, while they may seem unnecessarily complex, amplify a cell's response to a single signal molecule. If each signal only caused a reaction in one particular protein, for example, this would not be a very effective response. This animation uses the hormone epinephrine as an example. Although it only activates a single molecule of adenylyl cyclase, the cellular response is amplified through the pathway. I suggest keeping an eye on amplification count on the right of the screen while moving through the animation.
This video walks you through the fight-or-flight response of the body. I found it useful for making a real-life connection involving the three-stage process of the cells' response to signal molecules. It also included some extra information on the role of nerve signals in the process. I enjoyed the graphics in this video, as they zoomed in and out of the cells and display exactly how the response takes place.
Also, if you are looking for an online flashcard site, I suggest studyblue.com. It's really simple to use and I may share some flashcards that I create on there in the future.
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